Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances along the St Louis River and in the Duluth, MN area 2019-2021
Tree swallow nest boxes were deployed at sites proximal to two putative aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) sources in the Duluth, MN area, as well as along the St. Louis River and a reference lake for comparative purposes. The two AFFF sites were the current Duluth Air National Guard Base (ANG) and the Lake Superior …