Argentina Census Catalog

Argentina National Population and Housing Census data at the census-tract (radio censal) level, covering four census years: 1991, 2001, 2010, and 2022. Tabular microdata from INDEC is joined with standardized GeoParquet tract geometries reprojected to EPSG:4326, enabling spatial analysis of demographic and housing variables across provinces and departments.

census population demographics housing argentina radios-censales indec

census-data.parquet

[admin_code] Numeric province code

[admin_code] Province identifier code string

[placename] Province name label

[admin_code] Department identifier code string

[placename] Department (municipio) name label

metadata.parquet

radios.parquet

geometry

[geometry] Census tract polygon geometry in OGC:CRS84 (2010 and 2022 collections)

bbox

STRUCT(xmin DOUBLE, ymin DOUBLE, xmax DOUBLE, ymax DOUBLE)

Source Cooperative product page

## README.md
# Argentina Census Catalog

![argentina](https://img.shields.io/badge/argentina-blue) ![census](https://img.shields.io/badge/census-blue) ![population](https://img.shields.io/badge/population-blue) ![housing](https://img.shields.io/badge/housing-blue) ![demographics](https://img.shields.io/badge/demographics-blue) ![radios-censales](https://img.shields.io/badge/radios--censales-blue) ![geoparquet](https://img.shields.io/badge/geoparquet-blue) ![indec](https://img.shields.io/badge/indec-blue) ![conicet](https://img.shields.io/badge/conicet-blue)

Argentina National Census Data - Population and Housing Census by INDEC (1991, 2001, 2010, 2022)

## Collections

### [1991](./1991/)

Collection: 1991

### [2001](./2001/)

Collection: 2001

### [2010](./2010/)

Collection: 2010

### [2022](./2022/)

Collection: 2022

## Coverage

**Spatial Extent**

- West: -74.0004, South: -89.0000, East: -26.2521, North: -21.7808

## Source

[https://www.indec.gob.ar/indec/web/Institucional-Indec-BasesDeDatos-6](https://www.indec.gob.ar/indec/web/Institucional-Indec-BasesDeDatos-6)

## Processing Notes

Census data from INDEC (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos).
Census tract geometries from Rodriguez & de Grande (CONICET), reprojected to EPSG:4326.
Processing code: https://github.com/nlebovits/ciut-redatam

## Citation

Census data: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC). Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas. Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Geographic data: Rodriguez, Gonzalo Martin; de Grande, Pablo Ernesto (2022): Cartografía de radios censales de Argentina corregidos, completados y estandarizados de 1991, 2001, 2010 y 2022. CONICET. https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/handle/11336/149711

## Attribution

INDEC / Rodriguez & de Grande (CONICET) / Nissim Lebovits

## License

[CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

## Contact

Nissim Lebovits <nlebovits@pm.me>

---

*Generated by [Portolan](https://github.com/portolan-sdi/portolan-cli) from STAC metadata and .portolan/metadata.yaml*

providers: role [processor] for 'Rodriguez, Gonzalo Martin; de Grande, Pablo Ernesto (CONICET)' is an AI guess — Provided corrected and standardized census tract cartographies; treated as processor since INDEC is the primary census producer. Verify before flipping to _state: reviewed.

extent.spatial.bbox: omitted; spatial reference is categorical via [radios.geom (geometry), radios.geometry (geometry), census-data.etiqueta_provincia (placename), census-data.etiqueta_departamento (placename), census-data.prov_code (admin_code), census-data.valor_provincia (admin_code), census-data.valor_departamento (admin_code)]. Add bbox once a placename → bbox gazetteer is available.


EuroSAT is a land use and land cover classification dataset. The dataset is based on Sentinel-2 satellite imagery covering 13 spectral bands and consists of 10 LULC classes with a total of 27,000 labeled and geo-referenced images. The dataset is associated with the publications "Introducing EuroSAT: A Novel Dataset and Deep Learning Benchmark for Land Use and Land Cover Classification" and "EuroSAT: A Novel Dataset and Deep Learning Benchmark for Land Use and Land Cover Classification". This catalog contains the multi-spectral version of the EuroSAT dataset, which includes all 13 Sentinel-2 bands in the original value range.


GAUL L2 Admin Boundaries

Global administrative boundaries at the district level (second administrative level) for all countries. Standardized through FAO's Global Administrative Unit Layers (GAUL) 2024 methodology with unified codes and consistent attributes.

Dataset files (265 x .parquet)

Source Cooperative product page

## README.md
## Administrative boundaries (level 2) - GAUL 2024

"The administrative boundaries dataset at level 2 (Sub-national level) is part of the Global Administrative Unit Layers (GAUL) dataset series which includes information on administrative units for all the countries in the world, providing a contribution to the standardization of the spatial dataset representing administrative units." ([FAO](https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/dataset/global-administrative-unit-layers-gaul-2024))

For more information about the conversion or maintenance of this dataset, please contact nlebovits@pm.me.

## Data Vintage and Lineage
The data were created on 2024-12-19. Data were converted to Parquet files and uploaded to Source.Coop on 2025-10-24.

Per FAO:

> The overall GAUL methodology consists in a) collecting the best available data from most reliable sources, b) assemble national datasets into a common dataset by matching international boundaries with a reference authoritative dataset, i.e. the UN 2018, c) standardizing attributes to a common table of attributes, d) generating codes using GAUL Coding System, e) applying a topology and f) fill the metadata for each country.
>
> The administrative boundaries at the level 2 dataset distinguishes Districts and equivalent. The GAUL maintains global layers with a unified coding system at country, first (e.g. departments), and second administrative levels (e.g. districts). The complete metadata reference for each country, along with the specific license or Terms of Use applicable at the country level, can be accessed here.

## Data Format and Partitioning

The data are provided in parquet files partitioned by country, corresponding to the ISO codes. The original data were provided as a Shapefile.

## Schema

Each row in the dataset represents a second-level administrative unit (district or equivalent) with the following columns:

- `iso3_code` (STRING): ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code, e.g., TZA for Tanzania
- `map_code` (STRING): Map code identifier
- `gaul0_code` (INT64): GAUL country-level code
- `gaul0_name` (STRING): Country name
- `gaul1_code` (INT64): GAUL first-level administrative unit code (e.g., province/state)
- `gaul1_name` (STRING): First-level administrative unit name
- `gaul2_code` (INT64): GAUL second-level administrative unit code (district)
- `gaul2_name` (STRING): Second-level administrative unit name
- `continent` (STRING): Continent name
- `disp_en` (STRING): Display name in English
- `geometry` (BINARY): Polygon geometry encoded as WKB
- `geometry_bbox` (STRUCT): Bounding box struct (xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax) for efficient spatial queries

## Changelog

Current version: 1.0

**Version 1.0 (2025-10-24):**

- Initial release!
  - 45,523 second-level administrative units (districts) worldwide
  - Converted from ESRI Shapefile to GeoParquet 1.1.0 with ZSTD compression and bbox metadata, partitioned by ISO3 code (country)

## Citation:

FAO. 2024. Global Administrative Unit Layers (GAUL). [Accessed on [DD Month YYYY]]. https://data.apps.fao.org/?lang=en. Licence: CC-BY-4.0

## Dataset License

This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0).

IMPORTANT – Read carefully the Terms of Use before using the digital data. By downloading the Global Administrative Unit Layers (GAUL) 2024 you agree to be bound by the terms and conditions contained in this document.


Capas de Referencia del Instituto Geográfico Nacional de Argentina

Official reference layers from Argentina's Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN), extracted from their WFS service and published as cloud-optimized GeoParquet. The dataset comprises 192 thematic collections covering hydrography, geomorphology and relief, transport infrastructure, political-administrative boundaries (country, province, department, municipality), settlements, vegetation, geodetic networks, coastal and maritime zones, and more across Argentina including its Antarctic sector. All layers are publicly accessible under Argentina's Public Information Access Law 27.275.

administrative-boundaries hydrology topography digital-elevation-model geoparquet pmtiles points-of-interest

Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN) de la República Argentina

ign_area_de_montana.parquet

provincia

[placename] Province name where the mountain area is located

geometry

[geometry] OGC CRS84 polygon geometry of mountain areas

ign_area_protegida.parquet

[geometry] OGC CRS84 geometry of protected areas

ign_area_vuelos_dsr_sig.parquet

[geometry] OGC CRS84 geometry of photogrammetric aircraft survey areas

ign_area_vuelos_vant_sig.parquet

[geometry] OGC CRS84 geometry of UAV survey areas

ign_areas_de_actividad_agropecuaria_aj110.parquet

[geometry] OGC CRS84 geometry of agricultural activity areas

ign_vial_nacional.parquet

[geometry] OGC CRS84 linestring geometry of national road network

ign_vial_provincial.parquet

[geometry] OGC CRS84 linestring geometry of provincial road network

ign_vial_terciaria.parquet

[geometry] OGC CRS84 linestring geometry of tertiary road network

ign_zona_contigua_argentina.parquet

[geometry] OGC CRS84 polygon geometry of Argentina's contiguous maritime zone

ign_zona_economica_exclusiva_argentina.parquet

[geometry] OGC CRS84 polygon geometry of Argentina's exclusive economic zone

Source Cooperative product page

Ley 27.275 - Derecho de Acceso a la Información Pública

license: Argentina's Public Information Access Law 27.275 (Ley de Derecho de Acceso a la Información Pública); not a standard SPDX identifier. Full text: http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/265000-269999/265949/texact.htm

extent.spatial.bbox: omitted; spatial reference is categorical via [ign_area_de_montana.geometry (geometry), ign_area_de_montana.provincia (placename), ign_area_protegida.geometry (geometry), ign_area_vuelos_dsr_sig.geometry (geometry), ign_area_vuelos_vant_sig.geometry (geometry), ign_areas_de_actividad_agropecuaria_aj110.geometry (geometry), ign_vial_nacional.geometry (geometry), ign_vial_provincial.geometry (geometry), ign_vial_terciaria.geometry (geometry), ign_zona_contigua_argentina.geometry (geometry), ign_zona_economica_exclusiva_argentina.geometry (geometry)]. Add bbox once the placename → bbox gazetteer covers it.


JRC GloFAS Global Flood Hazard Maps

Global riverine flood hazard maps from the European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) CEMS-GloFAS v2.1.2. Provides modeled flood water depth (meters, Float32) and categorical hazard classification (0–4) rasters at 90m resolution for return periods of 10, 20, 50, 75, 100, 200, and 500 years. Includes auxiliary layers for permanent water bodies and quality-control flagged spurious depth estimates.

hydrology global-coverage cloud-optimized-geotiff environmental-monitoring flood-hazard return-period earth-observation

Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS-GloFAS)

Dataset files (4336 x .tif)

Source Cooperative product page

## README.md
# JRC GloFAS Global Flood Hazard Maps

Global riverine flood hazard maps from the Joint Research Centre CEMS-GLOFAS v2.1.2. Includes flood depth and hazard classification rasters for return periods 10, 20, 50, 75, 100, 200, and 500 years, plus permanent water body and spurious depth auxiliary layers.

![flood](https://img.shields.io/badge/flood-blue) ![hazard](https://img.shields.io/badge/hazard-blue) ![river](https://img.shields.io/badge/river-blue) ![hydrology](https://img.shields.io/badge/hydrology-blue) ![global](https://img.shields.io/badge/global-blue) ![return period](https://img.shields.io/badge/return_period-blue) ![GloFAS](https://img.shields.io/badge/GloFAS-blue) ![JRC](https://img.shields.io/badge/JRC-blue) ![CEMS](https://img.shields.io/badge/CEMS-blue)

## Collections

### Flood Depth (meters)

| Return Period | Description |
| ------------- | ----------- |
| [10-Year](https://source.coop/nlebovits/jrc-glofas/depth-rp10/) | Modeled flood water depth for 10-year return period |
| [20-Year](https://source.coop/nlebovits/jrc-glofas/depth-rp20/) | Modeled flood water depth for 20-year return period |
| [50-Year](https://source.coop/nlebovits/jrc-glofas/depth-rp50/) | Modeled flood water depth for 50-year return period |
| [75-Year](https://source.coop/nlebovits/jrc-glofas/depth-rp75/) | Modeled flood water depth for 75-year return period |
| [100-Year](https://source.coop/nlebovits/jrc-glofas/depth-rp100/) | Modeled flood water depth for 100-year return period |
| [200-Year](https://source.coop/nlebovits/jrc-glofas/depth-rp200/) | Modeled flood water depth for 200-year return period |
| [500-Year](https://source.coop/nlebovits/jrc-glofas/depth-rp500/) | Modeled flood water depth for 500-year return period |

### Flood Hazard Classification (categorical)

| Return Period | Description |
| ------------- | ----------- |
| [10-Year](https://source.coop/nlebovits/jrc-glofas/hazard-rp10/) | Hazard classes (0-4) for 10-year return period |
| [20-Year](https://source.coop/nlebovits/jrc-glofas/hazard-rp20/) | Hazard classes (0-4) for 20-year return period |
| [50-Year](https://source.coop/nlebovits/jrc-glofas/hazard-rp50/) | Hazard classes (0-4) for 50-year return period |
| [75-Year](https://source.coop/nlebovits/jrc-glofas/hazard-rp75/) | Hazard classes (0-4) for 75-year return period |
| [100-Year](https://source.coop/nlebovits/jrc-glofas/hazard-rp100/) | Hazard classes (0-4) for 100-year return period |
| [200-Year](https://source.coop/nlebovits/jrc-glofas/hazard-rp200/) | Hazard classes (0-4) for 200-year return period |
| [500-Year](https://source.coop/nlebovits/jrc-glofas/hazard-rp500/) | Hazard classes (0-4) for 500-year return period |

### Auxiliary Layers

| Layer | Description |
| ----- | ----------- |
| [Permanent Water](https://source.coop/nlebovits/jrc-glofas/permanent-water/) | Mask of permanent water bodies excluded from hazard calculations |
| [Spurious Depths](https://source.coop/nlebovits/jrc-glofas/spurious-depths/) | QC layer flagging areas with uncertain flood estimates |

## Technical Details

- **Resolution**: 90m (3 arc-second)
- **CRS**: EPSG:4326
- **Format**: Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF with internal overviews
- **Depth data type**: Float32, NoData = -9999
- **Hazard classes**: 0=No hazard, 1=Low, 2=Medium, 3=High, 4=Very High

## Coverage

**Spatial Extent**: Global (-170.00, -59.99, 179.97, 80.00)

## Source

[https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/collection/id-0054](https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/collection/id-0054)

## Citation

Dottori, F., Alfieri, L., Bianchi, A., Skoien, J., & Salamon, P. (2021). A new dataset of river flood hazard maps for Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. Earth System Science Data Discussions, 1-35.

## Attribution

European Union, 2016-2021, GloFAS

## License

[CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

## Contact

Nissim Lebovits <nissim.lebovits@radiant.earth>

---

*Generated by [Portolan](https://github.com/portolan-sdi/portolan-cli) from STAC metadata and .portolan/metadata.yaml*


Microsoft ML Road Detections

Global dataset of 54.2 million kilometers of roads detected using machine learning from Bing Maps imagery across 235 countries. Data are provided as GeoParquet linestring geometries with approximate road width estimates, partitioned by country.

Dataset files (235 x .parquet)

Source Cooperative product page

## README.md
## Microsoft ML Road Detections

This dataset provides parquet versions of [Microsoft's ML road detections](https://github.com/microsoft/RoadDetections), mined from Bing Maps imagery. This accounts for 54.2 million kilometers of roads worldwide, mined from Bing Maps imagery in 235 countries worldwide (note that several east Asian countries such as China, Japan, and South Korea do not appear in the original Microsoft data).

For more information about the conversion or maintenance of this dataset, please contact nlebovits@pm.me.

### Data Vintage

Per Microsoft:

> The vintage of the roads depends on the vintage of the underlying imagery. Because Bing
> Imagery is a composite of multiple sources it is difficult to know the exact dates for
> individual pieces of data. However data is up-to-date with freshest available imagery
> from Microsoft Maps.

### Data Format and Partitioning

The data are provided in parquet files partitioned by country, corresponding to the countries listed in the original Microsoft data. The original data are provided as zipped .tsv files containing GeoJSON data, totaling 67GB. Parquet compression brings the files down to under 10GB.

### Schema

Each row in the dataset provides information on a specific road with associated information on individual columns:

- **country** (STRING): Alpha-3 country code, e.g., FRA
- **width_meters** (FLOAT): Approximate width of the road in meters
- **geometry_type** (STRING): Indicates type of geometry (should be LINESTRING)
- **geometry** (GEOMETRY): Geometry type encoded as WKB
- **bbox** (STRUCT): A bbox struct for efficient spatial queries

### Changelog

**Current version: 1.0**

**Version 1.0** (2025-10-20):
- Initial release!
  - 54.2 million kilometers of roads worldwide across 235 countries via Microsoft ML road detections
  - Using GeoParquet schema version 1.1.0
  - Data is partitioned by country
  - Data is available in Parquet format

### Dataset License

Per the terms of use listed by Microsoft, these data are freely available for download and use under the [Open Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL)](https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/).


Moldova Flood Risk Demo Data

Test data from JRC and FoTW for Moldovan agricultural flood risk.


Pergamino IDE (Demo Portolan)

Datos geoespaciales del Municipio de Pergamino, PBA, Argentina (un demo de Portolan).


Philadelphia Zoning Districts

Official zoning base district boundaries for the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Contains 29,198 polygon features representing current zoning designations including residential, commercial, industrial, and special purpose districts. Sourced from the City's ArcGIS FeatureServer and reflects the zoning code enacted in 2011.

land-use administrative-boundaries zoning land-parcels philadelphia

zoning_basedistricts.parquet

[geometry] OGC CRS84 polygon geometry representing zoning district boundaries

Source Cooperative product page

## README.md
# Philadelphia Zoning Districts

![zoning](https://img.shields.io/badge/zoning-blue) ![land use](https://img.shields.io/badge/land_use-blue) ![planning](https://img.shields.io/badge/planning-blue) ![philadelphia](https://img.shields.io/badge/philadelphia-blue) ![pennsylvania](https://img.shields.io/badge/pennsylvania-blue) ![urban planning](https://img.shields.io/badge/urban_planning-blue) ![districts](https://img.shields.io/badge/districts-blue)

Official zoning base district boundaries for the City of Philadelphia, extracted from the City's ArcGIS FeatureServer. Contains 29,198 polygon features representing current zoning designations including residential, commercial, industrial, and special purpose districts.

## Collections

### [Zoning Base Districts](./zoning_basedistricts/)

The City of Philadelphia has migrated metadata for this data set to the City-wide Metadata Catalog. For any questions about the migration and administration of the Metadata Catalog, please contact...

## Coverage

**Spatial Extent**

- West: -75.2802, South: 39.8708, East: -74.9558, North: 40.1379

## Source

[https://services.arcgis.com/fLeGjb7u4uXqeF9q/ArcGIS/rest/services/Zoning_BaseDistricts/FeatureServer](https://services.arcgis.com/fLeGjb7u4uXqeF9q/ArcGIS/rest/services/Zoning_BaseDistricts/FeatureServer)

## Processing Notes

Extracted from City of Philadelphia ArcGIS FeatureServer on 2026-06-08.
ESRI UniqueValue renderer converted to Mapbox GL categorical style.
Original zoning code enacted December 15, 2011, effective August 22, 2012.

## Attribution

City of Philadelphia

## License

PDDL-1.0

## Contact

City of Philadelphia Planning & Development <maps@phila.gov>

---

*Generated by [Portolan](https://github.com/portolan-sdi/portolan-cli) from STAC metadata and .portolan/metadata.yaml*

extent.spatial.bbox: omitted; spatial reference is categorical via [basedistricts.geometry (geometry)]. Add bbox once the placename → bbox gazetteer covers it.


Philadelphia Aerial Imagery

Aerial imagery of Philadelphia at ~3" resolution.


Tanzania Crop Field Survey

This dataset was collected by YouthMappers in three regions of Tanzania: Arusha, Dodoma and Mwanza.  The data includes field centroid coordinates, primary crop, secondary crop and estimated field size.  The data was collected in a pilot study to see if YouthMappers university students could conduct field visits and collect the appropriate agricultural data for improving machine learning models for building crop maps.


Sample images

Samples images provided by the OME team


Italian Cadastral Geospatial Data

This S3 bucket stores partitioned GeoParquet datasets derived from Italian cadastral data. It is organized into top-level folders for cadastral parcels (ple/) and cadastral sheets (map/), with further spatial partitioning for efficient geospatial queries and analysis


Datasets for GeoAI

A curated collection of open-access GeoTIFF raster imagery and GeoJSON vector data for training geospatial AI (GeoAI) models. The collection spans North America, Europe, and Asia and includes archived files and media assets alongside primary raster data. Intended to support machine learning model development for geospatial and remote sensing applications.

remote-sensing satellite-imagery machine-learning earth-observation geoai

Dataset files (54 x .tif)

Source Cooperative product page

license: AI returned 'unknown' (README does not state a license). Verify with publisher before flipping to _state: reviewed.


US Building Footprints


Data to support downscaling regional economic activity

Collection of open datasets that provide indicators, covariates and validation of downscaled (global) regional economic activity.


Test Repo

Organisation


OS National Geographic Database - Boundaries Collection in GeoParquet

Ordnance Survey's National Geographic Database boundaries in GeoParquet format, containing administrative boundary data for Great Britain. This trial dataset is intended for geospatial standards development.

Dataset files (17 x .parquet)

Source Cooperative product page

## README.md
# National Geographic Database - Boundaries Collection in Geoparquet

This is a trial version of Ordnance Survey's National Geographic Database Boundaries data in GeoParquet intended for the purposes of standards development.

Please be aware that this trial data will not be maintained.

## License

This data is made available under the Open Government Licence 3.0 - https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3

## Documentation and feedback

Further documentation about the National Geographic Database is available at https://osngd.gitbook.io/osngd/

To provide feedback on this dataset please email futuregeo@os.uk


Japanese Farmland Parcel Polygons

Japanese Farmland Parcel Polygons (筆ポリゴン / Fude Polygons) are nationwide farmland parcel boundary datasets for Japan, manually digitized from aerial and satellite imagery by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). Each polygon carries land-type classification (rice field or upland field), centroid coordinates, municipality code, and change-history linkage to prior years. Coverage spans fiscal years 2021–2024.

agriculture field-boundaries land-parcels land-use lpis remote-sensing arable-land

jp_field_polygons_2021.parquet

[admin_code] Municipality code (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications standard) for the polygon centroid

GEOM

[geometry] Farmland parcel polygon geometry (EPSG:6668, JGD2011)

jp_field_polygons_2022.parquet

jp_field_polygons_2023.parquet

jp_field_polygons_2024.parquet

Source Cooperative product page

## README.md
## Introduction
Japanese Farmland Parcel Polygons (Fude Polygons in Japanese) represent parcel information of farmland. The polygons are manually digitized data derived from aerial imagery, such as satellite images. Since no on-site verification or similar procedures have been conducted, the data may not necessarily match the actual current conditions. Fude Polygons are created for the purpose of roughly indicating the locations of farmland.

## Data Processing
The original data was downloaded from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) website (https://www.maff.go.jp/j/tokei/porigon/index.html) and processed as follows:

- Downloaded all prefecture-level data provided for each year from 2021 to 2024.
- Processed the data for each year to create a nationwide dataset in GeoParquet format:
  - Renamed attributes:
    - Changed history to history_ja.
    - Translated attribute values:
  - Converted the land_type_ja column values:
    - 100 → “田” (rice field)
    - 200 → “畑” (field).
  - Added the following columns:
    - history_en: Translated values from the history attribute into English.
    - land_type_en: Translated values from the land_type attribute into English.
  - Validated geometry: Ensured compliance with OGC standards, version 1.2.0.
- Merged prefecture-level data into a single nationwide dataset.

The file names follow the naming convention below:
- jp_field_polygons_xxxx
  - xxxx represents the fiscal year of the data.

The data can be used under the CC BY license. Since this dataset is a processed version of the original data, please include the following citation when using it:

- Fude Polygon Data (published for the fiscal years 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024) provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, processed by Pacific Spatial Solutions, Inc.

## Prepared Datasets:
|File Name|Description|
|---------|-----------|
|jp_field_polygons_2021.parquet|Nationwide farmland polygon data created from the 2021 dataset.|
|jp_field_polygons_2022.parquet|Nationwide farmland polygon data created from the 2022 dataset.|
|jp_field_polygons_2023.parquet|Nationwide farmland polygon data created from the 2023 dataset.|
|jp_field_polygons_2024.parquet|Nationwide farmland polygon data created from the 2024 dataset.|

## Data Schema and Descriptions

| Field Name             | Data Type | Description_en                                                                                | Description_ja                                                                                |
|------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| polygon_uuid           |  string   | Fude Polygon ID (UUID ver. 4)                                                                                | 筆ポリゴンID（UUID ver. 4）                                                                                |
| land_type              |  string   | Land use code (rice field or field) determined by visual interpretation of satellite imagery                                                                                | 衛星画像の目視判読による田、畑の地目コード                                                                     |
| issue_year             |  string   | Year of publication on the site                                                                                | サイトに公開した年度                                                                                |
| edit_year              |  string   | Year of creation or update                                                                                | 新規作成、更新した年度                                                                                |
| history_ja             |  string   | Information indicating the relationship with previously published field polygons (in JSON format)                                                                                | 過去に公開した筆ポリゴンとの関係を示した情報（JSON形式）                                                       |
| history_en             |  string   | English translation of the attribute values in history_ja                                                                                | history_jaの属性値の英語訳                                                                                |
| last_polygon_uuid      |  string   | If the data is the same as the previous year,  the polygon_id of the previous year. If there are changes,  it is set to NULL.                                                                           | 前年度のデータと同一の場合は前年度のpolygon_id。変更があった場合はNULL                                         |
| prev_last_polygon_uuid |  string   | If the data is the same as both the previous year and the year before,  the polygon_id of the previous year. If changes occurred between the year before last and the current year,  it is set to NULL. | 前年度、前々年度のデータと同一の場合は前年度のpolygon_id。前々年度から当該年度までの間に変更があった場合はNULL |
| local_government_cd    |  string   | Code of the municipality,  as defined by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications,  where the centroid of the polygon overlaps.                                                              | ポリゴンの重心点と重なる市区町村の総務省地方公共団体コード                                                     |
| point_lng              |  string   | Longitude of the polygon’s centroid                                                                                | ポリゴン重心点の経度                                                                                |
| point_lat              |  string   | Latitude of the polygon’s centroid                                                                                | ポリゴンの重心点の緯度                                                                                |
| old_polygon_id         |  string   | polygon_id of the data published in 2021                                                                                | 2021年公開データのpolygon_id                                                                                |
| land_type_ja           |  string   | Japanese notation for land_type code (田 for rice field,  畑 for field)                                                                                | land_typeコードの日本語表記（田、または畑）                                                                    |
| land_type_en           |  string   | English notation for land_type code (rice_field for rice field,  field for field),                                                                                | land_typeコードの英語表記（rice_field または field）                                                           |

## English Translations for the Attribute Values
|Japanese | English|
|---------|--------|
|筆ポリゴン|field_polygon_id|
|更新年度|fy_updated|
|前年同一|same_prev_fy|
|発生年度|fy_occurence|
|関連|related|
|発生|appeared|
|消滅|disappeared|

# 日本語での説明文

筆ポリゴンとは、農地の区画情報です。ポリゴンは、衛星画像などの空中写真データから手作業でデジタイジングしたデータで、現地確認作業などは行なっていないため、現況とは必ずしも一致しない場合があります。筆ポリゴンは、大まかな農地の位置を示す目的で作成されています。

データは、農林水産省のサイト (https://www.maff.go.jp/j/tokei/porigon/index.html) からダウンロードし、以下の処理を行いました。

- 2021年から2024年までの各県ごとに提供されているデータを全てダウンロード
- 年度ごとに以下の処理を行い、全国データをGeoParquet形式で作成
	- 属性名の変更
		- history --> history_ja
	- 属性値のコードを翻訳
		- land_type_ja --> land_type列の値100を「田」、値200を「畑」に変換
	- 以下の列を追加
		- history_en : history属性を英語に翻訳
		- land_type_en : land_type属性を英語に翻訳
- ジオメトリのValidation：OGC Compliant, ver. 1.2.0
- 各県のデータを全国データとしてマージ

ファイル名は、以下の命名ルールに従いました。
- jp_field_polygons_xxxx
	- xxxx は、データの対象年度

本データは、CC BYに従うことで利用することができます。このデータはオリジナルデータを加工したデータであるため、利用に際しては、以下の出典を記載して下さい。
- 筆ポリゴンデータ（2021, 2022, 2023, 2024年度公開）農林水産省、をPacific Spatial Solutions株式会社が加工して作成

## ダウンロード可能なデータ

|ファイル名|説明|
|--------|---|
|jp_field_polygons_2021.parquet|2021年度に公開されたデータから作成した全国農地ポリゴンデータ|
|jp_field_polygons_2022.parquet|2022年度に公開されたデータから作成した全国農地ポリゴンデータ|
|jp_field_polygons_2023.parquet|2023年度に公開されたデータから作成した全国農地ポリゴンデータ|
|jp_field_polygons_2024.parquet|2024年度に公開されたデータから作成した全国農地ポリゴンデータ|

license: README states 'CC BY' without specifying a version number; 4.0 assumed as the current standard version.

extent.spatial.bbox: omitted; spatial reference is categorical via [jp_field_polygons_2021.GEOM (geometry), jp_field_polygons_2021.point_lng / point_lat (latlon), jp_field_polygons_2021.local_government_cd (admin_code), jp_field_polygons_2022.GEOM (geometry), jp_field_polygons_2022.point_lng / point_lat (latlon), jp_field_polygons_2022.local_government_cd (admin_code), jp_field_polygons_2023.GEOM (geometry), jp_field_polygons_2023.point_lng / point_lat (latlon), jp_field_polygons_2023.local_government_cd (admin_code), jp_field_polygons_2024.GEOM (geometry), jp_field_polygons_2024.point_lng / point_lat (latlon), jp_field_polygons_2024.local_government_cd (admin_code)]. Add bbox once a placename → bbox gazetteer is available.


Flateau (Building footprint data in Japan)

Flateau is a derived dataset of 2D building footprint polygons (LOD0) extracted from Japan's national PLATEAU CityGML 3D city model project, covering 211 municipalities. Each building record includes footprint geometry, centroid point, physical attributes (height, storeys, usage), and optional ancillary tables for disaster risk (flooding, tsunami, high tide, inland overflow, landslide) and data quality. Data are distributed as GeoParquet and GeoPackage files per city, plus merged national Parquet files.

building-footprints citygml 3d-city-model disaster-risk plateau

Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (PROJECT PLATEAU)

prefecture

[placename] Japanese prefecture name of building location

[admin_code] JIS prefecture code (2-digit)

city

[placename] Municipality name of building location

[admin_code] JIS municipality code (5-digit)

GEOM

[geometry] Centroid point geometry of building footprint polygon (EPSG:4326)

01100_sapporo-shi_2020_building_data_quality.parquet

01100_sapporo-shi_2020_building_detail.parquet

47201_naha-shi_2020_building_lod0.parquet

[geometry] Building footprint 2D polygon geometry (EPSG:4326)

47201_naha-shi_2020_building_risk_flooding.parquet

47201_naha-shi_2020_building_risk_high_tide.parquet

47201_naha-shi_2020_building_risk_land_slide.parquet

47201_naha-shi_2020_building_risk_tsunami.parquet

Source Cooperative product page

## README.md
# Japanese Building Footprint Data (a.k.a Flateau :wink:)

Original PLATEAU (National Government 3D project) building data are provided as the CityGML 3D format. We extracted LOD0 geometries (footprint 2D polygon) and their attributes and exported as GeoParquet and GeoPackage files. We used FME for this process and internally called Project **Flateau**. We kept attributes as much as possible, however, we omitted some of them based on our judgements. We addes several attributes such as heights and areas from the original 3D geometris. Japanese national and local government keep expanding data coverage, however, PLATEAU data don't cover the all cities in Japan (211 cites out of about 1720 cities). I hope the coverage will expand and cover the entire nation sometime.

There are lots of attributes in this dataset. We separated ancillary data from the main data, 2D polygon and centroid point data.

You can download and use our data freely under CC-BY 4.0 license. We used PLATEAU data so you also need to follow [their term of use](https://www.mlit.go.jp/plateau/site-policy/).

- (c) [Pacific Spatial Solutions, inc.](https://pacificspatial.com) 2023 CC-BY. This data is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Original building data are from PROJECT PLATEAU (https://www.mlit.go.jp/plateau/)

Polygon and Centroid data have gml_id columns which you can use to join attributes from other tables.

Directories are organized by data types.
```
root/
|─ gpkg/
|  |─ geopackage files for each city
|─ merged/
|  |─ merged_building_centroid_lod0.parquet
|  |─ merged_building_lod0.parquet
|─ parquet/
|  |─ parquet files for each city
|─ README.md
```

データは自由にお使いいただけますが、[CC BY 4.0ライセンス]（https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.ja） に従います。

- 出典：国土交通省PLATEAU (https://www.mlit.go.jp/plateau/)
「3D都市モデル（Project PLATEAU）」（国土交通省）(https://www.geospatial.jp/ckan/dataset/plateau） をもとにジオメトリから各種統計データを算出しオンラインまたはGISソフトウェアで利用しやすいフォーマットに変換。 [Pacific Spatial Solutions株式会社](https://pacificspatial.com) 作成

各種属性ファイルのデータは、gml_idを使ってポリゴンとセントロイドのデータに紐づけすることができます。

## 2023 building data

### Prepared data (整備したデータ)
We prepared data for each city where Plateau data are available on 2024/05. Plateau project keeps adding more cities every year. So, hopefully we can keep adding more cities in the future.

2023年度のPlateauの建物データの変換を行いました。毎年整備対象都市が増えているのでできれば毎年追加していきたいと考えています。

### Prepaed data fromat（整備したデータのフォーマット）
We prepared our data in two data formats and host at [Source Cooperative](https://beta.source.coop/). If you click the following download page links, you will open the data download pages.
- GeoParquet/Parquet ([download page](https://beta.source.coop/pacificspatial/flateau/parquet/))
  - Footprint polygons and their centroid data as well as other ancillary data which don't have geometry information. You can join these data to GeoParquet data using gml_id column.
- GeoPackage ([download page](https://beta.source.coop/pacificspatial/flateau/gpkg/))
  - All with or without geometry data are in this file.

### File naming convention (ファイルの命名規則)
- GeoParquet and Parquet files
  - citycode_cityname_year_filename.parquet
  - example: 01100_sapporo-shi_2020_building_centroid_lod0.parquet
- GeoPackage files
  - citycode_cityname_year.gpkg
  - example: 01100_sapporo-shi_2020.gpkg

### File names（今回整備したファイル名一覧）

We prepared the following files/layers for each city. Available data files/layers vary depend on its availability. We prepared polygon and centroid data are in GeoParquet format and other data are in Parquet. GeoPackage files include all data as one file.

|filename                        |type   |description                                 |description_ja                           |
|--------------------------------|-------|--------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|
|building_lod0                   |polygon|Building footprint 2D polygons.             |建物フットプリント2Dポリゴンとその属性                     |
|building_centroid_lod0          |point  |Centroid points of 2D footprint polygons.   |建物フットプリントポリゴンのセントロイドとその属性                |
|building_detail                 |table  |Basic information of buildings.             |建築物に関する基礎的な情報                            |
|building_large_customer_facility|table  |Basic information of large size buildings.  |大規模小売店舗や大規模集客施設に関する基礎的な情報                |
|building_data_quality           |table  |Data quality of each building data.         |地物インスタンスごとのデータの作成情報                      |
|building_risk_flooding          |table  |Flooding zone attributes.                   |洪水浸水想定区域内に存在する建築物に付与された浸水想定区域がもつ属性       |
|building_risk_tsunami           |table  |Tsunami zone attributes.                    |津波洪水浸水想定の区域内に存在する建築物付与した津波浸水想定の区域の属性     |
|building_risk_high_tide         |table  |High tide zone attributes.                  |高潮浸水想定区域に存在する建築物に付与した高潮浸水想定区域の属性を        |
|building_risk_internal_overflow |table  |Inland water inundation zone attributes.    |内水浸水想定区域に存在する建築物に付与した内水浸水想定区域の属性         |
|building_risk_land_slide        |table  |Land slide zone attributes.                 |土砂災害警戒区域及び土砂災害特別警戒区域に存在する建築物に付与した区域に関する属性|

### Data Schema for each file (各データのスキーマ)

#### building_lod0 and building_centroid_lod0（建物ポリゴンとそのセントロイドデータのスキーマ）

|attribute_name                 |type     |sample data                                 |Definition                                                           |
|-------------------------------|---------|--------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------|
|source_filename                |char(32) |53392546_bldg_6697_2_op.gml                 |Original data source file name                                       |
|gml_id                         |char(64) |bldg_fc50c7d9-76ac-4576-bfbd-f37c74410928   |Unique ID                                                            |
|building_id                    |char(32) |13111-bldg-524                              |Unique building ID in the municipality                               |
|branch_id                      |smallint |NULL                                        |Branch ID for Warehouses and sheds associated with the main building.|
|part_id                        |smallint |NULL                                        |Building area of a footprint polygon.                                |
|prefecture                     |char(5)  |東京都                                         |Prefecture name of the building location.                            |
|prefecture_code                |char(2)  |13                                          |Prefecture code number                                               |
|city                           |char(32) |東京都大田区                                      |City name of the building location.                                  |
|city_code                      |char(5)  |13111                                       |City code number                                                     |
|gml_description                    |char(64) |NULL                                        |                                                                     |
|gml_name                           |char(64) |六郷土手郵便局                                     |building name                                                        |
|address                        |char(64) |東京都大田区東六郷三丁目                                |building address                                                     |
|creation_date                  |date     |20230322                                    |                                                                     |
|termination_date               |date     |NULL                                        |                                                                     |
|class                          |char(32) |普通建物             |                                              |
|class_code                     |smallint |3001                                        |                                                                     |
|usage                     |char(128)|工場      |      |
|usage_code                     |smallint |441                                        |                                                                     |
|year_of_construction           |smallint |1985                                        |                                                                     |
|year_of_demolition             |smallint |NULL                                        |                                                                     |
|roof_type                      |char(32) |NULL                                        |                                                                     |
|roof_type_code                 |smallint |NULL                                        |                                                                     |
|measured_height                |double   |8.3                                         |measured building height in meter                                    |
|measured_height_uom            |char(8)  |m                                           |unit of height measurement                                           |
|storeys_above_ground           |smallint |3                                        |                                                                     |
|storeys_below_ground           |smallint |1                                        |                                                                     |
|address    |text|NULL                                        |                                                                     |
|real_estate_id_of_building|text  |4307000240386-000B  | |
|number_of_building_unit_ownership    |text |1                                        |  |
|real_estate_id_of_building_unit_ownership|text |1                                        |                                                                     |
|number_of_real_estate_id_of_land     |text|4313000119863-0000                                        | |
|matching_score                  |text     |97  |
|cal_area_m2                    |double   |40.445643597318096                          |polygon areas in square meters                                       |
|cal_xmin                       |double   |139.71218932484814                          |minimum longitude of footprint polygons                              |
|cal_xmax                       |double   |139.71218932484814                          |maximum longitude of footprint polygons                              |
|cal_ymin                       |double   |35.54154939251641                           |minimum latitude of footprint polygons                               |
|cal_ymax                       |double   |35.54160749301028                           |maximum latitude of footprint polygons                               |
|cal_zmin_m                     |double   |2.406                                       |minimum height value from 3D geometries                              |
|cal_zmax_m                     |double   |9.141                                       |maximum height value from 3D geometries                              |
|cal_height_m                   |double   |6.734999999999999                           |building height based on the min and max height                      |

## building_detail
|attribute_name                         |type     |sample data                              |Definition                                                                         |
|---------------------------------------|---------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|source_filename                        |text     |53392546_bldg_6697_2_op.gml              |                                                                                |
|gml_id                                 |text     |bldg_fc50c7d9-76ac-4576-bfbd-f37c74410928|                                                                                |
|building_id                            |text(200)|13111-bldg-524                           |Unique building ID in the municipality                                             |
|branch_id                              |text(200)|NULL                                     |Branch ID for Warehouses and sheds associated with the main building.              |
|prefecture|text|北海道|Prefecture name|
|prefecture_code|text|01|Prefecture code|
|city|text|北海道札幌市南区|City name|
|city_code|text|01106|City code|
|serial_number_of_building_certification|text(200)|NULL                                     |Serial number of the building certification.                                       |
|site_area                              |text(200)|NULL                                     |Site area of a building.                                                           |
|site_area_uom                          |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|total_floor_area                       |text(200)|NULL                                     |Total floor area.                                                                  |
|total_floor_area_uom                   |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|building_footprint_area                |text(200)|NULL                                     |Area of the wall outline of the building.                                          |
|building_footprint_area_uom            |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|building_roof_edge_area                |text(200)|40.43768                                 |Area of the roof outline of the building.                                          |
|building_roof_edge_area_uom            |text(200)|m2                                       |                                                                                |
|development_area                       |text(200)|NULL                                     |Area of development.                                                               |
|development_area_uom                   |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|building_structure_type                |text(200)|NULL                                     |Building stcutture type based on standard codes.                                   |
|building_structure_type_code           |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|building_structure_org_type            |text(200)|NULL                                     |Building stcutture type based on the code set by the municipality                  |
|building_structure_org_type_code       |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|fireproof_structure_type               |text(200)|NULL                                     |Fireproof structure type of the building.                                          |
|fireproof_structure_type_code          |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|implementing_body                      |text(200)|NULL                                     |Implement body of the building.                                                    |
|urban_plan_type                        |text(200)|NULL                                     |Type of the building location designated by Urban Plan                             |
|urban_plan_type_code                   |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|area_classification_type               |text(200)|NULL                                     |Type of the building location designated by Area classification.                   |
|area_classification_type_code          |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|districts_and_zones_type               |text(200)|NULL                                     |Type of the building location designated by Districts and Zones.                   |
|districts_and_zones_type_code          |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|land_use_type                          |text(200)|NULL                                     |Type of the building location designated by Land Use Plan.                         |
|land_use_type_code                     |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|major_usage                            |text(200)|NULL                                     |Major classification of building usage based on the code set by the municipality.  |
|major_usage_code                       |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|major_usage2                           |text(200)|NULL                                     |Major classification of building usage 2 based on the code set by the municipality.|
|major_usage2_code                      |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|org_usage                              |text(200)|NULL                                     |Building usage based on the code set by the municipality.                          |
|org_usage_code                         |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|org_usage2                             |text(200)|NULL                                     |Building usage 2 based on the code set by the municipality.                        |
|org_usage2_code                        |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|detailed_usage                         |text(200)|NULL                                     |Building detailed usage based on the code set by the municipality.                 |
|detailed_usage_code                    |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|detailed_usage2                        |text(200)|NULL                                     |Building detailed usage 2 based on the code set by the municipality.               |
|detailed_usage2_code                   |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|detailed_usage3                        |text(200)|NULL                                     |Building detailed usage 3 based on the code set by the municipality.               |
|detailed_usage3_code                   |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|ground_floor_usage                     |text(200)|NULL                                     |Usage of the ground floor of the building                                          |
|ground_floor_usage_code                |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|second_floor_usage                     |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|second_floor_usage_code                |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|third_floor_usage                      |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|third_floor_usage_code                 |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|basement_usage                         |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|basement_usage_code                    |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|basement_first_usage                   |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|basement_first_usage_code              |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|basement_second_usage                  |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|basement_second_usage_code             |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|vacancy                                |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|vacancy_code                           |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|building_coverage_rate                 |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|floor_area_rate                        |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|specified_building_coverage_rate       |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|specified_floor_area_rate              |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|standard_floor_area_rate               |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|building_height                        |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|building_height_uom                    |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|eave_height                            |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|eave_height_uom                        |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|note                                   |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|survey_year                            |text(200)|2016                                     |                                                                                |

## building_large_customer_facility
|attribute_name                         |type     |sample data                              |Definition                                                                         |
|---------------------------------------|---------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|source_filename                        |text     |49300574_bldg_6697_op.gml                |                                                                                |
|gml_id                                 |text     |bldg_154b30dc-1a6b-4af0-a9d8-5c99d8bba147|                                                                                |
|building_id                            |text(200)|43100-bldg-3478                          |                                                                                |
|branch_id                              |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|prefecture|text|北海道|Prefecture name|
|prefecture_code|text|01|Prefecture code|
|city|text|北海道札幌市南区|City name|
|city_code|text|01106|City code|
|class                                  |text(200)|大規模小売店舗（その他）|                                                                                |
|class_code                             |text(200)|4                                        |                                                                                |
|name                                   |text(200)|TSUTAYA　むつ店|                                                                                |
|capacity                               |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|owner                                  |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|total_floor_area                       |text(200)|2750                                     |                                                                                |
|total_floor_area_uom                   |text(200)|m2                                     |                                                                                |
|total_store_floor_area                 |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|total_store_floor_area_uom             |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|inaugural_date                         |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|year_opened                            |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|year_closed                            |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|key_tenants                            |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|availability                           |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|urban_plan_type                        |text(200)|都市計画区域                              |                                                                                |
|urban_plan_type_code                   |text(200)|21                                     |                                                                                |
|area_classification_type               |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|area_classification_type_code          |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|districts_and_zones_type               |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|districts_and_zones_type_code          |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|land_use_type                          |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|land_use_type_code                     |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|reference                              |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|note                                   |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|survey_year                            |text(200)|2017                                     |                                                                                |

## building_data_quality
|attribute_name                         |type     |sample data                              |Definition                                                                         |
|---------------------------------------|---------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|source_filename                        |text     |53392546_bldg_6697_2_op.gml              |                                                                                |
|gml_id                                 |text     |bldg_fc50c7d9-76ac-4576-bfbd-f37c74410928|                                                                                |
|building_id                            |text(200)|13111-bldg-524                           |                                                                                |
|branch_id                              |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|prefecture|text|北海道|Prefecture name|
|prefecture_code|text|01|Prefecture code|
|city|text|北海道札幌市南区|City name|
|city_code|text|01106|City code|
|src_scale                              |text     |地図情報レベル2500                              |                                                                                |
|src_scale_code                         |text     |1                                        |                                                                                |
|geometry_src_desc                      |text     |空中写真測量                                   |                                                                                |
|geometry_src_desc_code                 |text     |5                                        |                                                                                |
|thematic_src_desc                      |text     |都市計画基礎調査                                 |                                                                                |
|thematic_src_desc_code                 |text     |1                                        |                                                                                |
|appearance_src_desc                    |text     |空中写真                                     |                                                                                |
|appearance_src_desc_code               |text     |1                                        |                                                                                |
|lod_type                               |text     |2.0                                      |                                                                                |
|lod1_height_type                       |text(200)|点群から取得_中央値                               |                                                                                |
|lod1_height_type_code                  |text(200)|2                                        |                                                                                |

## building_risk_flooding
|attribute_name                         |type     |sample data                              |Definition                                                                         |
|---------------------------------------|---------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|source_filename                        |text     |53392546_bldg_6697_2_op.gml              |                                                                                |
|gml_id                                 |text     |bldg_fc50c7d9-76ac-4576-bfbd-f37c74410928|                                                                                |
|building_id                            |text(200)|13111-bldg-524                           |                                                                                |
|branch_id                              |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|prefecture|text|北海道|Prefecture name|
|prefecture_code|text|01|Prefecture code|
|city|text|北海道札幌市南区|City name|
|city_code|text|01106|City code|
|description                            |text(200)|城南地区河川流域                                 |                                                                                |
|description_code                       |text(200)|3                                        |                                                                                |
|rank                                   |text(200)|0.5m未満                                   |                                                                                |
|rank_code                              |text(200)|1                                        |                                                                                |
|rank_org                               |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|rank_org_code                          |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|depth                                  |text(200)|0.092                                    |                                                                                |
|depth_uom                              |text(200)|m                                        |                                                                                |
|admin_type                             |text(200)|都道府県                                     |                                                                                |
|admin_type_code                        |text(200)|2                                        |                                                                                |
|scale                                  |text(200)|L2（想定最大規模）                               |                                                                                |
|scale_code                             |text(200)|2                                        |                                                                                |
|duration                               |text(200)|14.55                                    |                                                                                |
|duration_uom                           |text(200)|hour                                     |                                                                                |

## building_risk_tsunami
|attribute_name                         |type     |sample data                              |Definition                                                                         |
|---------------------------------------|---------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|source_filename                        |text     |52362499_bldg_6697_op.gml                |                                                                                |
|gml_id                                 |text     |bldg_92f5c8b4-2e54-4c21-b93b-2119ca62c846|                                                                                |
|building_id                            |text(200)|24202-bldg-169103                        |                                                                                |
|branch_id                              |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|prefecture|text|北海道|Prefecture name|
|prefecture_code|text|01|Prefecture code|
|city|text|北海道札幌市南区|City name|
|city_code|text|01106|City code|
|description                            |text(200)|1                                        |                                                                                |
|description_code                       |text(200)|1                                        |                                                                                |
|rank                                   |text(200)|3                                        |                                                                                |
|rank_code                              |text(200)|3                                        |                                                                                |
|rank_org                               |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|rank_org_code                          |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|depth                                  |text(200)|0.13                                     |                                                                                |
|depth_uom                              |text(200)|m                                        |                                                                                |

## building_risk_high_tide

| column           | data_type | details            | example                                   |
|------------------|-----------|--------------------|-------------------------------------------|
| source_filename  | String    | source file name   | 53394539_bldg_6697_2_op.gml               |
| gml_id           | String    | building unique ID | bldg_d36d2972-098d-4be1-b595-7fe8cd79994b |
| building_id      | String    | building ID        | 13101-bldg-9339                           |
| branch_id        | String    |                    |                                           |
|prefecture|text|北海道|Prefecture name|
|prefecture_code|text|01|Prefecture code|
|city|text|北海道札幌市南区|City name|
|city_code|text|01106|City code|
| description      | String    | description        | 高潮浸水想定区域図                                 |
| description_code | String    | 1                  |                                           |
| rank             | String    | tide rank          | 0.5m未満                                    |
| rank_code        | String    | tide rank code     | 1                                         |
| rank_org         | String    |                    |                                           |
| rank_org_code    | String    |                    |                                           |
| depth            | String    | tide depth         | 0.43                                      |
| depth_uom        | String    | unit               | m                                         |
| id               | Integer64 | sequential number  | 1                                         |

## building_risk_internal_overflow
|attribute_name                         |type     |sample data                              |Definition                                                                         |
|---------------------------------------|---------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|source_filename                        |text     |52362487_bldg_6697_op.gml                |                                                                                |
|gml_id                                 |text     |bldg_7a69ff2f-a672-45e8-b743-b0323014ed46|                                                                                |
|building_id                            |text(200)|24202-bldg-175892                        |                                                                                |
|branch_id                              |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|prefecture|text|北海道|Prefecture name|
|prefecture_code|text|01|Prefecture code|
|city|text|北海道札幌市南区|City name|
|city_code|text|01106|City code|
|description                            |text(200)|1                                        |                                                                                |
|description_code                       |text(200)|1                                        |                                                                                |
|rank                                   |text(200)|3                                        |                                                                                |
|rank_code                              |text(200)|3                                        |                                                                                |
|rank_org                               |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|rank_org_code                          |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|depth                                  |text(200)|0.076                                    |                                                                                |
|depth_uom                              |text(200)|m                                        |                                                                                |

## building_risk_land_slide
|attribute_name                         |type     |sample data                              |Definition                                                                         |
|---------------------------------------|---------|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|source_filename                        |text     |53392584_bldg_6697_2_op.gml              |                                                                                |
|gml_id                                 |text     |bldg_ad10f991-e3ca-4cbb-87f4-161e7065943b|                                                                                |
|building_id                            |text(200)|13111-bldg-67878                         |                                                                                |
|branch_id                              |text(200)|NULL                                     |                                                                                |
|prefecture|text|北海道|Prefecture name|
|prefecture_code|text|01|Prefecture code|
|city|text|北海道札幌市南区|City name|
|city_code|text|01106|City code|
|description                            |text(200)|急傾斜地の崩落                                  |                                                                                |
|description_code                       |text(200)|1                                        |                                                                                |
|area_type                              |text(200)|土砂災害警戒区域（指定済）                            |                                                                                |
|area_type_code                         |text(200)|1                                        |                                                                                |

license: Data also requires compliance with PROJECT PLATEAU's own terms of use (https://www.mlit.go.jp/plateau/site-policy/), which apply to the underlying source CityGML data.

extent.spatial.bbox: omitted; spatial reference is categorical via [01100_sapporo-shi_2020_building_centroid_lod0.GEOM (geometry), 01100_sapporo-shi_2020_building_centroid_lod0.prefecture (placename), 01100_sapporo-shi_2020_building_centroid_lod0.prefecture_code (admin_code), 01100_sapporo-shi_2020_building_centroid_lod0.city (placename), 01100_sapporo-shi_2020_building_centroid_lod0.city_code (admin_code), 47201_naha-shi_2020_building_lod0.GEOM (geometry), 47201_naha-shi_2020_building_lod0.prefecture (placename), 47201_naha-shi_2020_building_lod0.prefecture_code (admin_code), 47201_naha-shi_2020_building_lod0.city (placename), 47201_naha-shi_2020_building_lod0.city_code (admin_code)]. Add bbox once a placename → bbox gazetteer is available.


Japanese Vegetation Map (1/25,000)

The most detailed vegetation map covering all of Japan at 1:25,000 scale, based on the Natural Environment Conservation Basic Survey conducted by Japan's Ministry of the Environment Biodiversity Center. Original shapefiles divided by standard mesh areas were downloaded, merged into a single GeoParquet file, schema anomalies corrected, and adjacent cross-mesh polygons unified. Categorical attribute values were translated from Japanese to English using ChatGPT-4o.

land-cover biodiversity natural-environment vegetation-classification

Biodiversity Center, Ministry of the Environment (Japan)

[spatial_index] Japanese standard 2nd-level mesh code identifying source tile

[geometry] Polygon geometry of vegetation areas, EPSG:4326

Source Cooperative product page

## README.md
# Japanese Vegetation Map (1/25,000)

This is the most detailed vegetation map covering all of Japan. The Ministry of the Environment has been conducting the Natural Environment Conservation Basic Survey. The vegetation survey is a part of this extensive nationwide natural environment survey (http://gis.biodic.go.jp/webgis/sc-043.html).

The original data was prepared as shapefile and was divided into Japanese standard mesh areas. We downloaded all data files and merged into one GeoParquet file. During this merging process, we fixed a data schema anomaly. We also merged adjacent polygons from different mesh areas based on their attribute values.

All descriptive attribute values were in Japanese. So we extracted all unique attribute values and translated into English. We used ChatGPT4o for this translation. We cannot guarantee the translation accuracy, so please use these English descriptions at your own risk.

## Data attribution (en):
1/25,000 scale vegetation maps (Biodiversity Center, Ministry of the Environment) were download and processed by Pacific Spatial Solutions inc. ([Vegetation map data download site](http://gis.biodic.go.jp/webgis/sc-025.html?kind=vg67))

## データの出典記載 (ja)：
1/25,000植生図 全県分GISデータ(環境省生物多様性センター)を使用し、Pacific Spatial Solutions 株式会社が作成・加工したものである。([植生調査(1/2.5万) 都道府県別一覧](http://gis.biodic.go.jp/webgis/sc-025.html?kind=vg67))

## Terms of data usage (en):
This data can be used in accordance with the [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.ja) (CC BY). When using the data, please indicate the attribution. For more detailed data usage terms, please visit the [Biodiversity Center website](https://www.biodic.go.jp/copyright/index.html).

## データの利用条件 (ja)：
本データは、[クリエイティブ・コモンズ・ライセンスの表示4.0 国際](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.ja) (CC BY) に従い利用することができます。データを利用する際は、出典をご記載ください。より詳しいデータの利用規約は[生物多様性センターのサイト](https://www.biodic.go.jp/copyright/index.html)で御覧ください。

# Data descriptions

| field name | description en   | description ja |
| ---------- | ---------------- | -------------- |
| org_no     | legend number in the vegetation map | 植生図内に記載されている凡例番号 |
| mesh2_c    | 2nd mesh code    | 旧図郭の二次メッシュコード |
| surv_year  | Survey year      | 植生調査を実施した年次（西暦4桁） |
| zukaku_no  | Legend number within each data | 植生図の図郭内で使用されている凡例の通し番号 |
| filename   | Original shapefile name | オリジナルのShapefile名 |
| chu_c      | Medium level vegetation code | 植生中区分のコード |
| chu_n      | Medium level vegetation name in ja | 植生中区分の日本語名称 |
| chu_en     | Medium level vegetation name in en | 植生中区分の英語名称 |
| dai_c      | High level vegetation code | 植生大区分のコード |
| dai_n      | High level vegetation name in ja | 植生大区分日本語名称 |
| dai_en     | High level vegetation name in en | 植生大区分の英語名称 |
| hanrei_c   | Integrated legend code | 統一凡例名コード |
| hanrei_n   | Integrated legend name in ja | 統一凡例日本語名 |
| hanrei_en  | Integrated legend name in en | 統一凡例英語名 |
| sai_c      | Fine level vegetation code | 植生細区分のコード |
| sai_n      | Fine level vegetaion name in ja | 植生細区分の日本語名称 |
| sai_en     | Fine level vegeation name in en | 植生細区分の英語名称 |
| shoku_c    | Vegetation group code | 植生区分のコード |
| shoku_n    | Vegetation group name in ja | 植生区分の日本語名称 |
| shoku_en   | Vegetation group name in en | 植生区分の英語名称　|

extent.spatial.bbox: omitted; spatial reference is categorical via [jp_vegetation25000_en.GEOM (geometry), jp_vegetation25000_en.mesh2_c (spatial_index)]. Add bbox once a placename → bbox gazetteer is available.


Example Earth Observation and Model Data

Example data for testing I/O and analytics libraries


example-tiff

A public collection of 510+ TIFF files spanning a wide range of compressions, tiling schemes, data types, and internal layouts. Assembled from the GDAL autotest suite, Development Seed's geotiff-test-data repository, and real-world rasters including Sentinel-2 imagery, sea-surface temperature data, and digital elevation models. Maintained as a test corpus for TIFF reading and parsing libraries, particularly the virtual-tiff project.

cloud-optimized-geotiff remote-sensing satellite-imagery digital-elevation-model sentinel-2 test-data

Dataset files (543 x .tif)

Source Cooperative product page

## README.md
# TIFF test data

A public collection of TIFF files covering a wide range of compressions, tiling schemes, data types, and internal layouts. The files are useful for testing any TIFF reading or parsing library and are maintained as part of the [virtual-tiff](https://github.com/virtual-zarr/virtual-tiff) project.

Last updated: 2026-04-29

## Sources and licenses

### GDAL autotest (`gdal/`)

501 files extracted from the GDAL [autotest](https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/tree/master/autotest) directory.

- **Source:** <https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal>
- **License:** MIT/X — see [GDAL LICENSE.TXT](https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/blob/master/LICENSE.TXT)
- **Copyright:** Frank Warmerdam, Even Rouault, and contributors

### External files (`github/`)

Files downloaded from third-party sources for testing a variety of TIFF encodings.

| File | Source URL | License |
|------|-----------|---------|
| `20250331090000-JPL-L4_GHRSST-SSTfnd-MUR-GLOB-v02.0-fv04.1_analysed_sst.tif` | https://data.source.coop/ausantarctic/ghrsst-mur-v2/2025/03/31/20250331090000-JPL-L4_GHRSST-SSTfnd-MUR-GLOB-v02.0-fv04.1_analysed_sst.tif | Public domain (NASA JPL) |
| `40613.tif` | https://cildata.crbs.ucsd.edu/media/images/40613/40613.tif | Public domain (UCSD / NCMIR) |
| `B04.tif` | https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/33/U/WP/2025/6/S2C_33UWP_20250615_0_L2A/B04.tif | CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (Copernicus Sentinel-2) |
| `IBCSO_v2_ice-surface_cog.tif` | https://github.com/mdsumner/ibcso-cog/raw/main/IBCSO_v2_ice-surface_cog.tif | CC BY 4.0 (AWI / IBCSO) |
| `SIG0_20250404T234439__VH_A091_E048N063T3_SA020M_V1M1R2_S1AIWGRDH_TUWIEN.tif` | https://data.eodc.eu/collections/SENTINEL1_SIG0_20M/V1M1R2/EQUI7_SA020M/E048N063T3/SIG0_20250404T234439__VH_A091_E048N063T3_SA020M_V1M1R2_S1AIWGRDH_TUWIEN.tif | CC BY 4.0 (Copernicus Sentinel) |
| `TCI.tif` | https://e84-earth-search-sentinel-data.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-2-c1-l2a/55/G/EN/2025/3/S2C_T55GEN_20250324T000834_L2A/TCI.tif | CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (Copernicus Sentinel-2) |
| `rema_mosaic_1km_v2.0_filled_cop30_dem.tif` | https://github.com/mdsumner/rema-ovr/raw/refs/heads/main/rema_mosaic_1km_v2.0_filled_cop30_dem.tif | Public domain (REMA / Byrd Polar) |
| `test_reference.tif` | https://gitlab.com/Richard.Scott1/raster-analysis-goals/-/raw/main/test_reference.tif?ref_type=heads&inline=false | Unknown |

### geotiff-test-data (`geotiff-test-data/`)

33 files from the [geotiff-test-data](https://github.com/developmentseed/geotiff-test-data) repository.

- **Source:** <https://github.com/developmentseed/geotiff-test-data>
- **License:** MIT (synthetic fixtures); see individual README files in real_data/ subdirectories for real-world data licenses
- **Copyright:** Development Seed and contributors

## Usage

These files are publicly hosted and can be used by any project. To download them with the virtual-tiff helper script:

```bash
uv run scripts/download_test_data.py
```

## Disclaimer

These files are redistributed solely for automated testing. Refer to each source for authoritative license terms.


geozarr-examples

Example datasets demonstrating GeoZarr-compliant data, a cloud-native format for storing geospatial raster data using the Zarr specification. The collection covers a projected spatial extent (approximately 110 km × 110 km) with 157 Zarr array files totaling ~72 MB.

Dataset files (1 x .zarr)

Source Cooperative product page

providers: role [producer, processor] for 'GeoZarr Working Group / Radiant Earth' is an AI guess — No README; assumed producer/processor based on API description referencing GeoZarr specification examples. Verify before flipping to _state: reviewed.


Osiris-Comprehensive Bespoke Atmospheric Model (CBAM) reanalysis-east-africa

The Osiris CBAM (Comprehensive Bespoke Atmospheric Model) reanalysis dataset provides high-resolution (4 km spatial, hourly temporal) agrometeorological data for East Africa. It covers the region from approximately 27°E to 44°E, 13°S to 7°N, with data beginning in 2012. The dataset has demonstrated improved or comparable skill relative to existing gridded agrometeorological products.

agriculture reanalysis meteorology agro-meteorology east-africa climate remote-sensing

Dataset files (27308 x .nc)

Source Cooperative product page


Agroforestry Individual Tree Detection (India, GeoTIFF + COCO)

A benchmark dataset of 13,492 GeoTIFF image chips and 353,644 COCO-format tree-crown annotations for individual tree detection in agroforestry and agricultural landscapes across India. Each image chip is paired with per-image metadata and assigned to one of several train/evaluation splits, including a fixed train/in-distribution-test partition and a non-distribution-shift protocol. Split metadata includes state, region, and zone fields to support geographic robustness evaluation.

remote-sensing agriculture machine-learning aerial-imagery agroforestry tree-detection object-detection

Dataset files (13504 x .tiff)

Source Cooperative product page

## README.md
# Individual Tree Detection Dataset

This release contains GeoTIFF image chips and COCO-format tree-crown annotations for individual tree detection in agroforestry landscapes.

## Contents

- `geotiffs/`: 13,492 GeoTIFF image chips.
- `annotations/instances_india_tree_detection_coco_clean.json`: clean COCO annotations.
- `metadata/india_geotiff_release_manifest.csv`: one row per image with metadata.
- `splits/`: train/evaluation split files used by the benchmark and non-distribution-shift baseline.
- `samples/`: small reviewer-inspection sample.
- `croissant.json`: machine-readable dataset metadata.

## Counts

- Images: 13,492
- Annotations: 353,644
- Category: `tree`
- Images with at least one annotation: 13,492

## Split Protocols

The release includes:

- `india_train.*` and `india_id_test.*`: fixed released train and ID-test partition.
- `non_distshift_train_val_test.csv`: non-distribution-shift protocol used by benchmark training jobs.
- `traditional_cv_*.txt`: conventional train/validation/test aliases.

The split metadata includes state, region, and zone fields for geographic evaluation.

## License

This dataset release is licensed under [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

Orthophoto and imagery underlying the GeoTIFF chips remain subject to the original acquisition and provider agreements summarized in `croissant.json` (`prov:wasDerivedFrom`). The CC BY-NC license applies to this release as packaged; confirm compatibility before commingling with other sources or uses outside non-commercial terms where NC applies.

license: The CC BY-NC 4.0 license applies to the packaged release; underlying orthophoto and imagery remains subject to original acquisition and provider agreements documented in croissant.json.